改革开放以来我国中小学教师形象的历史变迁——基于《中国教育报》典型中小学教师事迹的报道

The Historical Change of the Image of Primary and Secondary School Teachers since the Reform and Opening-up: Based on the Analysis of the Reports of Typical Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China Education Daily

选取《中国教育报》创办以来有关典型中小学教师事迹的报道作为样本展开研究,将研究视角伸向这些教师事迹背后的内在逻辑,从教师的价值观念及具有稳定性和整体性的教育教学行为出发,归纳、总结并凝练出教师形象的历史变迁及其特征:改革开放至1991年间,毫不利己、专门利人的无私奉献型教师形象;1992—2000年,注重教育教学改革和学术研究能力的专业型教师形象;2001—2018年,善于在实践中反思和成长的创新型教师形象。据此,提出未来教师形象塑造中,应统整教师个体、教师群体和社会三者的力量,构筑完善的教师社会支持网络;以教师形象变迁过程中历经浪潮冲刷却未有褪色、历久弥新的价值观念为指引,形塑符合时代精神的教师形象,同时,避免媒体中无意识的性别、地位等偏向。

Taking the reports of the typical primary and secondary school teachers in China Education Daily since it was launched as samples, this paper extends the research perspective to the inner logic behind these teachers. From the perspective of teachers’ values and their educational and teaching behaviors with stability and integrity, the historical changes and characteristics of the image of teachers are summarized. From 1978 to 1991, the image of teachers is the image of selfless teachers who devote to others utterly without any thought of themselves;from 1992 to 2000, the image of teachers is the image of professional teachers who pay attention to scientific research and pursue the identity of scholarly teachers;from 2001 to 2018, the image of teachers is the image of innovative teachers who are good at reflecting and growing in practice. Based on this, it proposes that the forces of the individuals, teacher groups and society should be integrated in the shaping of the image of teachers in the future, that the everlasting virtues which have not faded in the process of the change of teachers’ image should be analyzed and summarized, and that the unconscious biases of gender, status and others in the media should be eliminated in order to shape the future-oriented, ideal image of teachers.