波里庇乌斯均衡制约学说的思想来源考证

A Textual Research on the Source of Polybius’s Theory of “Check and Balance”

波里庇乌斯的混合政体学说本质上是一种畏惧平衡,其直接来源很可能是学园派的卡尼阿德斯。而从其论证逻辑来看,畏惧平衡学说并不能得到古代主流政治思想的支撑。只有安提丰和赫摩克拉底提供的怀疑论式心理推演才能支持畏惧平衡的论证。

Polybius's mixed constitution theory is based on the principle of “balance of fear”,and its direct source is probably Academic skeptic Carneades.From the logic of its argument,the “balance of fear” theory cannot be supported by the ancient mainstream political thought.Only the skeptical psychological deduction provided by Hermocrates and Antiphon can support the theory of “balance of fear”.