芳烃烷基化催化剂的研究进展

Study progress of catalysts for alkylation reactions of aromatics

传统芳烃烷基化催化剂存在缺陷,目前对可用于催化芳烃烷基化反应的新型催化剂的研究主要有固体酸和离子液体两个方向,其中固体酸催化剂中,研究较多的有分子筛、杂多酸、金属氧化物固体超强酸等。用于芳烃烷基化反应的离子液体催化剂主要有卤代金属和叔胺盐类、咪唑类及吡啶类组成的离子液体等。新型芳烃烷基化催化剂相比传统催化剂具有环境友好、可再生以及易与原料分离等优点,但由于其制备成本较高、易失活、循环使用寿命较短等原因,工业应用仍面临着许多困难与挑战。

The traditional catalyzers which was applied into alkylation of aromatics had some shortcomings.At present,there are two main directions in the research of new catalysts for alkylation of aromatics:solid acid and ionic liquids,among the solid acid catalysts,zeolite molecular sieves,metal oxide solid superacid,heteropoly acid and supported heteropoly acid catalysts are the most studied ones,and ionic liquid catalysts for alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons mainly consist of halogenated metals and tertiary amine salts,imidazoles and pyridines,etc.Compared with traditional catalysts,new catalysts for alkylation of aromatics have the advantages of environmental friendliness,renewable recycling and easy separation from reaction products.But,due to the high price,easy deactivation,short cycle life and other reasons,industrial applications of new catalysts are still facing many difficulties and challenges.