统一与多样辩证关系视野下普通高中多样化发展——基于吉林省54所普通高中的调研

On the Present Situation and Countermeasures of Diversified Development of General High Schools——Based on a Survey of 54 General High Schools in Jilin Province

对照开发的评量标准对调研省份进行调研发现,普通高中多样化发展在推进过程中总体上呈现出低水平多样化的现实样态,这种多样化,是“两头好、中间差”式的多样化,是高度同质化背景下的多样化,是学校类型差异不明显的多样化。学校内部,呈现出对多样化发展认识不足、自主发展能力不足、课程与教学层面多样化践行困难等问题。马克思基于现实的人及其历史发展的全过程,在唯物辩证法层面,科学地揭示了“统一与多样”的辩证统一关系。这启示我们,需要进一步将“个性”的理念引入普通高中教育;要在制度设计上不仅重视共同基础,同时需兼顾重视专业分化;学校管理上则需要进一步给学校“松绑”,促进管办评分离更好地实现,充分释放学校办学活力。

Compared with the evaluation standards of the provinces studied,it was found that,in the process of promoting the diversified development of general high schools,it generally presents a low level of diversification.This kind of diversification is "good at both ends,bad in the middle"type of diversification;it is the diversification under the background of high homogeneity,and it is the diversification with no obvious difference in school types.Within the school,there are problems such as insufficient understanding of diversified development,insufficient ability of independent development,and difficulty in diversified practice of curriculum and teaching.Based on the reality of man and the whole process of historical development,Marx scientifically revealed the dialectical unity relationship of"unity and diversity"at the level of materialist dialectics.That tells us:we need to further introduce the concept of"individuality"into the general high school education;in the system design,we should not only pay attention to the common foundation,but also pay attention to the professional differentiation;in terms of school management,the school needs to be further"loosened",so as to better realize the separation of management and evaluation and fully release the vitality of school running.