“新农合、新农保”对农村老人幸福感的提升效应研究

The Effect of NRCMS and NRSPIS on the Well-being of Rural Elderly Group

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015年全国基线调查数据,运用有序Logit模型分析影响老年群体幸福感的诸多因素,从总体幸福感和情绪幸福感两个层面四个维度来衡量农村老年群体的幸福感。实证研究结果表明:从个人特征角度,参加社交活动有利于提升老年人的幸福感,个人生活习性对幸福感的提升也有一定影响,婚姻关系和子女关系是衡量老年群体幸福感的重要指标。从新农合和新农保的政策影响角度看,参加新农合的农村老年群体对健康作出更积极的评价,但是参加新农合的时间长度对幸福感没有显著影响,过去一个月的门诊次数和一年内的住院次数均对幸福感的四个维度产生非常显著的积极影响,这说明以大病统筹为主的新型农村合作医疗制度已经在农村较好地实现政策初衷;参加新农保显著提升了老年群体的生活满意度,能显著减少老年群体的消极情绪,提升积极情绪,有效提高老人的情绪幸福感。结论表明两种惠农政策都已经取得了较为理想的政策效果。

Based on the national baseline survey data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in2015,this article uses the Ordered Logit Model to analyze the factors that affect the well-being of the rural elderly group,and measure the well-being from the overall happiness and emotional well-being on these two levels and four dimensions.The results of the empirical study show that,from the perspective of personal characteristics,participating in social activities is conducive to improving the well-being of the elderly,and personal habits have a certain influence on the promotion of well-being.The relationship within marriage and the relationship with children are important indicators of well-being of the rural elderly group.From the perspective of the policy impact of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme(NCMS)and New Rural Social Pension Insurances System(NRSPIS),the rural elderly group participating in NCMS makes a more positive assessment of health,but the length of participation times in NCMS has no significant impact on well-being.The frequency of outpatients in the past month and the frequency of hospitalization in the past year are very significant factors to the four dimensions of well-being.So the NCMS mainly aimed at serious diseases has already achieved a better policy effects in rural areas.Participating in the NRSPIS could significantly improve the life satisfaction,reduce the negative emotion,improve the positive emotion,and effectively improve the emotional well-being of the elderly group.The conclusions show that the two policies have already achieved fairly satisfactory policy effects.