新中国教育立法70年的回顾与展望

Review and Prospect of Education Legislation in New China for 70 Years

新中国成立以来,中国教育法制经历了初创、停滞、恢复与繁荣的发展过程。在70年教育立法的沉浮变迁之中,政策法律化、法律体系化以及权利中心化共同构成教育立法演进的三大推动因素,也成为新中国成立以来教育法制建设的主要经验,形成了诸多重要的理论共识。但是,距离教育现代化的目标,中国教育立法尚有一定差距:教育政策向教育法律转化的限度尚待进一步厘清,部分领域还存在法律规范缺位的现象,教育法律规范体系内部的协调性较弱,许多规范呈现出国家权力的高强度影响。为此,在立法技术上,应当厘清教育政策与法律的关系,增强教育立法的可操作性;在立法布局上,应当建立健全教育法规范体系,提高教育立法的质量;在立法内容上,应当强化程序性规定,尤其是权利救济制度,体现权益保护的目的;在立法方式上,应当坚持立废改释并举,提升教育立法的活力:以期真正建成内容科学、配套完备、程序严密、运行有效的教育立法体系,为教育现代化提供坚实保障。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,educational legal system has undergone a process of initial creation,stagnation,recovery and prosperity.In the 70 years’ ups and downs of educational legislation,the legalization of policies,the systematization of laws and the centralization of rights constitute the three driving factors for the evolution of educational legislation,and have also become the main experience of the construction of educational legal system. However,facing the goal of educational modernization,there are still some gaps in the present situation of educational legislation,the limitation of the transformation of educational policy to educational law needs to be further clarified,the absence of legal norms still exists in some areas,the weakness of coordination within the educational legal norm system,and the strong influence of state power on many norms. Therefore,we should clarify the relationship between education policy and law in legislation technology,establish and improve the normative system of Education Law in legislation layout,strengthen procedural provisions,especially the right relief system in legislation content,and insist on the combination of abolition and interpretation in legislation mode.