生态帝国主义在澳大利亚:以灌溉农牧业的发展为重点(1830-1860)

Ecological Imperialism in Australia: Focusing on the Development of Irrigational Agriculture(1830-1860)

澳大利亚土著居民长期以来的环境管理为殖民时代的灌溉农牧开垦提供了有利条件,为澳大利亚发生的生态帝国主义进程奠定了环境基础。灌溉农业在澳大利亚的发展不仅直接改造了土著居民环境管理所塑造的景观,也彻底改变了土著居民的生存基础和生活轨迹。澳大利亚的气候、土壤等环境条件是灌溉农业发生的生态驱动。殖民经济助力下的殖民地转型和殖民地种族主义的生态文化共同推动了灌溉农业的扩张。但灌溉区并未能被改造成"新欧洲",欧洲人在澳大利亚的生态扩张并不意味着土著居民历史的终结。

The long-standing environmental management by aborigines provided favourable conditions for the colonial agro-pastoral reclamation and was the starting point of the process of ecological imperialism in Australia. The development of irrigated agriculture in Australia has not only directly transformed the landscape created by the environmental management of indigenous people,but also completely changed the ecological trajectory of indigenous people. Specific climate and soil in Australia are ecological drivers of irrigational agriculture. The colonial economy and the racial ecological culture in the colonies promoted the expansion of irrigational agriculture. The expanding irrigation land in Australia has not only directly transformed the landscape shaped by the environmental management of the aborigines,but completely changed the life track of them. However irrigation has not been made Australia another neo-Europe,and the ecological expansion of Europeans in Australia does not mean termination of indigenous history.