试论航空发动机涡轮机匣传热分析技术

Discussion on Heat Transfer Analysis Technology of Aeroengine Turbine Casing

涡轮机匣主要是航空发动机以涡轮段结构的连接位置作为载体,承担机械负荷、气体压力、热负荷,其所发挥的主要作用是承力。而且,涡轮机匣内部流动通道是航空发动机空气系统的重要组成部分,其主要任务是给冷却空气提供气流运动的有效通道。另外,还需要对涡轮叶尖的运作间隙进行全面控制,并引进冷气,以此进行机匣冷却,从而保证机匣的整体强度与使用寿命。作为冷气通道的主要结构,空气系统在计算时,还应对机匣各部分内的通道流动换热特性做进一步的充分了解,并且机匣的温度分布与叶尖间隙控制之间密切相关,在进行机匣温度计算的时候,还需充分了解换热特性。通过数值仿真与实验系统深入探究了涡轮机匣传热特性,并进一步分析了高压涡轮机匣传热分析技术。

The turbine casing mainly takes the connecting position of the turbine section as the carrier to bear the mechanical load,gas pressure and heat load. The main function of the turbine casing is the bearing force. Furthermore,the flow channel in the turbine casing is an important part of the aero-engine air system,and its main task is to provide an effective passage for the cooling air flow. In addition,it is necessary to control the operating clearance of turbine tip and introduce air conditioning to cool the casing so as to ensure the overall strength and service life of the casing. As the main structure of the air conditioning channel,the air system should also have a better understanding of the heat transfer characteristics of the channel flow in the various parts of the casing,and the temperature distribution of the casing is closely related to the tip clearance control. When the casing temperature is calculated,it is necessary to fully understand the heat transfer characteristics. In this paper,the heat transfer characteristics of turbine casing are deeply studied by numerical simulation and experimental system,and the heat transfer analysis technology of high pressure turbine casing is further analyzed.