自供电传感监测的煤机械振动能量采集器设计

Design of Coal Mechanical Vibration Energy Harvester for Self-powered Monitoring

振动和温度信号是反映煤机械设备工作状态的重要参数,针对采煤机状态监测中环境复杂、布线困难等问题,设计一种自供电传感监测的煤机械振动能量采集器,该采集器由磁悬浮式电磁发电机、晶体二极管升压电路、能源管理电路组成。依据煤机系统工作自身振动特点,利用电磁感应原理采集振动能量并实施力电转换,供给无线传感装置,最后将环境温度及加速度信号通过无线传输至接收端,从而提升探测系统整体续航能力。采用晶体二极管升压电路,将高频振动环境下发电装置输出由1.4 V升至4.4 V给电路系统正常连续供电,电压提升效果最高可达3.14倍。解决了矿井下煤机械工作时振动频率较大,振幅较小,电磁发电机输出电压较小的问题,提升了复杂环境下探测系统的稳定性、集成度和续航能力,实现煤机械无线无源监测。

Vibration and temperature signals are important parameters reflecting the working state of coal machinery and equipment.Aiming at the problems of complex environment and difficult wiring in condition monitoring of shearer,a coal mechanical vibration energy harvester for self-powered monitoring was designed.It is composed of a magnetic levitation electromagnetic generator,a crystal diode boosting circuit and an energy management circuit.According to the vibration characteristics of the coal machinery system,a power generation device based on the electromagnetic induction principle was used to collect vibration energy and implemented electromechanical conversion to supply wireless sensor devices for enhancing the overall endurance of the detection system.Then,the environmental temperature and acceleration signals were transmitted to the receiving end with wireless communication.By using crystal diode boost circuit,the output voltage of power generation device in high frequency vibration environment was increased from 1.4 V to 4.4 V to supply the power to circuit system continuously.The increment of voltage effect can be 3.14 times as much as basic voltage.It solves the problems of large vibration frequency,small amplitude and small output voltage of electromagnetic generator when coal mining machinery works,improves the stability,integration and endurance of the detection system in complex environment,and realizes wireless passive monitoring of coal machinery.