法国足球理念与训练方法研究

Research on French Football Ideas and Training Methods

运用观察法、访谈法、文献法等研究方法,对法国足球理念与训练方法进行研究。研究发现:法国足球理念构建主要以行为主义理论和建构主义理论为指导原则,其训练体系由对抗热身、协调性练习、情景练习、技术练习、比赛五个递进相连的部分组成,简称“五步训练法”。其核心在于以问题为向导,发现式提问,培养队员高效处理信息的能力;强调遵循足球运动规律,训练手段和方法始终围绕“提升比赛能力”展开;训练中充分体现主动性教学法和指令性教学法相互配合。为此,建议借鉴法国在足球青少年足球训练领域的有益经验,探索适合我国国情的青少年足球发展方向,构建科学化教学训练理念与体系,完善青少年足球竞赛与选拔体系,加强教练员培训的规范性与专业性。从而建立符合我国足球发展现状的青少年足球培养体系,夯实足球根基,提高我国青少年足球乃至国家足球运动发展水平。

By using the methods of observation,interview and documentation,this paper studies the concept of French football training.The research finds that the construction of French football concept is mainly guided by behaviorism and constructivism.Its training system consists of five parts,namely,warming-up,coordination exercise,situational exercise,technical exercise and competition.Its core lies in the problem-oriented,discovery-based questioning,training team members'ability to deal with information efficiently;emphasizing following the rules of football,training means and methods are always around "improving competitiveness";the training fully reflects the cooperation of active teaching method and directive teaching method.Therefore,it is suggested to learn from the useful experience of France in the field of football youth football training,explore the development direction of youth football suitable for national conditions,construct scientific teaching and training concepts and systems,improve the youth football competition and selection system,and strengthen the standardization and professionalism of coach training.In order to establish a youth football training system in line with the current situation of China's football development,consolidate the football foundation,and improve the development level of China's youth football and even national football.