楚墓陶俑葬的初步认识

Preliminary Study on the Custom of Burying with Pottery Figures of the Chu Tombs

陶俑葬楚墓多见于楚东地区,经与该地区的木俑葬对比可知,陶俑葬是战国中晚期楚墓中新出现的一种丧葬习俗。楚墓中陶俑葬习俗的兴起应是楚国迁都于陈后,受北方各国俑葬习俗影响的结果。观察墓葬级别和葬俑数量的关系可知,葬俑的数量在大夫墓与士一级墓中有明显的等级差异,而士一级墓与平民墓是否存在等级的差异,有待于新材料的补充。多数陶俑葬楚墓中仅发现有陶制俑头或俑手的情况,可视为是葬俑的简化现象,亦可作为楚墓俑葬习俗迈向成熟的重要一步。楚国灭亡后,随葬陶俑的习俗对后代仍有深远的影响。

The Chu tombs with pottery figures are mainly discovered in the region where the eastern part of the Chu State of the Warring States was located. A comparison of these tombs with those with wood figures discovered at the same region suggests that the practice of burying with pottery figures emerged as a new burial custom to the Chu State in the late of the Warring States, which is believed to be a result of the influence from northern states after the Chu' s relocating its capital to Chen. By studying the grade and number of burial figures, it is obvious that grade difference between the tomb of senior officials and scholar, it remains to be seen whether there is any grade difference between tombs of scholars and ordinary people. Most of these tombs were seen with only pottery heads or hands, suggesting for a simplifying trend and an important step towards maturity of this practice. Even after the demise of the Chu State the custom of burying with pottery figures continued to have a profound impact on future generations.