临床路径实施影响因素的系统评价

Key factors affecting the implementation of clinical pathways: a systematic review

目的系统评价影响临床路径实施的促进和阻碍因素,以期更好实施临床路径。方法使用计算机检索PubMed、Embase、CNKI、CBM、万方、维普数据库,搜集临床路径实施影响因素的相关文献,检索时限从建库至2019年1月4日。采用CERQual证据分级工具对临床路径实施的相关因素进行信度分级。结果共纳入12个国家的43篇文献。临床路径实施的障碍因素可分为路径内容、路径消极结局、医生知识、医生态度、资源问题等8类31个方面,其中信度等级高的前3位障碍因素分别为缺乏时间、资金、设备、员工等资源(15篇, 34.9%),增加工作量(14篇, 32.6%),对路径的认可度有限(12篇, 27.9%)。临床路径实施的促进因素可分为路径内容、医生、资源因素和实施活动相关等6类28个方面,其中信度等级高的前3位促进因素分别为交流、教育和训练(25篇, 58.1%),管理者和同事的支持(21篇, 48.8%),成立临床路径促进委员会(17篇, 39.5%)。结论临床路径的成功实施与其开发过程、效果评价和反馈紧密相关,只有设计符合具体实施环境的路径,运用充足的资源,实施良好的组织活动,不断审计、评价、反馈路径实施结果和参与人员的积极配合才能促进路径实施,改善路径实施结局。

Objective To systematically review the barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of clinical pathways for the clinical pathways. Methods PubMed, Embase, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, Cvip databases were searched to collect articles about clinical pathways implementation barriers and facilitators from inception to January 4th, 2019. The tool of confidence in the evidence from reviews of qualitative research(CERQual)was used to grade the confidence of each study. Results A total of 43 articles from 12 countries were included.There were 8 main categories and 31 subcategories of the barriers about clinical pathways, including content of the clinical pathways, negative outcomes of clinical pathways, physicians knowledge, physicians attitude, resource availability, implementation of activities, patients factors and social factors. The first three barriers of high confidence were lacking of time, capital, equipment, staff and other resources(15 articles, 34.9%), increasing workload(14 articles, 32.6%), unrecognizing pathways(12 articles, 27.9%). There were 6 main categories and 28 subcategories of the facilitators about clinical pathways, including pathways content related, physician related, resource factor and implementation activity. The first three facilitators of high confidence were communication, education and training(25 articles, 58.1%), supporting from managers and colleagues(21 articles, 48.8%)and establishing a clinical pathway facilitation committee(17 articles, 39.5%). Conclusions The successful implementation of clinical pathways connects with its development process, aftereffect evaluation and feedback. It will be implemented effectively only by the completely and environmentally acceptable pathways design, adequate resources, effective organizational activities, continuous audit, evaluation and feedback and physicians active cooperation.