新疆昌吉甜菜潜叶蝇的田间消长动态及对不同引种甜菜品种的危害比较

Field Population Dynamic of Pegomyia hyosciami and the Damage Comparison of Different Introduced Beta vulgaris L. Varieties in Changji Region,Xinjiang

在新疆昌吉市2块甜菜(Beta vulgaris)田分别采用定点定株、黄板诱集、随机抽样调查等方法,调查甜菜潜叶蝇(Pegomyia hyosciami)种群消长动态和比较该虫在不同甜菜品种上的危害情况,在对德国引进品种‘SD12830’上甜菜潜叶蝇的消长动态调查结果表明,甜菜潜叶蝇在本地区1年发生3代,主要危害期为6月至9月,6月中下旬至8月中下旬进入危害高峰期。被调查的32个国外引种甜菜品种和1个本地品种的受害程度表明,幼虫数最大的是‘HX910’,平均值达每株0.22头;其次是‘KWS2314’幼虫数较大,平均每株0.18头;然后是‘SS1532’和‘KWS7125’,平均每株幼虫数分别为0.13头和0.10头;其余29个品种幼虫数较小。潜道数最大的是‘HX910’,平均每株0.28条;其次是‘KWS2314’和‘ADV0401’潜道数较大,平均值分别为每株0.22条和每株0.20条;‘BETA467’和‘BTS2730’的潜道数最小,均为每株0.02条。叶片受害率最大的是‘KWS2314’,平均值为0.77%;‘BETA467’和‘BTS2730’叶受害率最小,平均值为0.05%。不同甜菜品种受甜菜潜叶蝇的危害程度不同,‘HX910’、‘KWS2314’的抗虫性最低,‘BETA467’、‘BTS2730’抗虫性最好,其余29个品种发生虫害但危害率较小,抗虫性一般。在甜菜种植过程中选择‘BETA467’、‘BTS2730’等抗虫性较好的品种,能有效减轻经济损失,避免种植易感品种。

In the two beet(Beta vulgaris) fields in Changji City,Xinjiang, the methods of fixed-point fixed plant, yellow plate trapping and random sampling were used to investigate the dynamics of population growth of the beet leaf miner(Pegomyia hyosciami) and compare the harm of insects on different sugar beet varieties. The results of the dynamic investigation of the growth and decline of beet leaf miner on the variety ‘SD12830’ introduced from Germany showed that the beet leaf miner occurred for 3 generations in the region in one year and the main hazard period was from June to September. From the middle and late June to the middle and late August,it entered the peak period of harm.The degree of damage of32 foreign introduced sugar beet varieties and one local variety investigated showed that the largest number of larvae was‘HX910’,with an average of 0.22 per plant.The second was the number of‘KWS2314’larvae,with an average of 0.18 per plant.Then followed by were‘SS1532’and‘KWS7125’,whose average numbers were was 0.13 one plant and 0.10 one plant,respectively;the remaining 29 varieties had smaller larvae,the largest number of stalks was‘HX910’,with an average of 0.28 per plant;Among then,the sneak passage numbers of‘KWS2314’and‘ADV0401’sneak passages were larger;the average was 0.22 per plant and 0.20 per plant;‘BETA467’and ‘BTS2730’had the smallest number of stalks,0.02 per plant.The highest leaf damage rate was ‘KWS2314’,with an average of 0.77%;the ‘BETA467’and‘BTS2730’leaves had the lowest damage,with an average of 0.05%.Different sugar beet varieties were damaged to different degrees by beet leaf miner.‘HX910’and ‘KWS2314’had the lowest insect resistance,while‘BETA467’and‘BTS2730’had the best insect resistance.Pests occurred in the other 29 varieties,but the damage rate was small and the insect resistance was general.In the process of sugar beet planting,‘BETA467’,‘BTS2730’and other varieties with better insect resistance can be selected to effectively reduce economic losses and avoid planting susceptible varieties.