国家实验室的项目制建设方法研究——以中美4个国家实验室为例

Study of Project System Construction Method of National Laboratories:Four Cases from National Laboratories of China and United States

面对如何建设国家实验室的追问,选取中美4个典型国家实验室,采用多案例分析方法研究国家实验室项目制建设方法。在分析项目制方法与国家实验室建设之间契合关系的基础上,梳理与总结国家实验室项目制建设方法实践探索中的若干经验:以“政府议程→国家战略→项目设立”的方式启动国家实验室建设;借助项目增量更替实现国家实验室可持续、高水平推进;通过整体发包和分包两种方式实现国家实验室所需资源的项目化供给。基于研究结论,结合中国国家实验室建设现状,从项目化方式的灵活、组合运用,项目群的优化管理,项目“计划-市场”二元性的秉持,项目实施的平台化4个方面,给出今后国家实验室项目制建设方法的优化建议。

In the face of the question of how to construct the national laboratory, this paper selects four typical national laboratories in China and the United States, and adopts the multi-case analysis method to study the construction method of the national laboratory project system. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between the project preparation method and the national laboratory construction, this paper combs and summarizes some of the experience in the practice of the national laboratory project construction method: start the construction of National Laboratory in the way of "government agenda → national strategy → project establishment";the sustainable and high level promotion of the national laboratory is realized with the help of the incremental replacement of the project;and the project supply of the resources required by the national laboratory is realized through the overall contracting and subcontracting. Based on the research conclusion, combined with the present situation of national laboratory construction in China, the paper gives some suggestions on the construction methods of national laboratory project system in the future from four aspects: the flexible and combined use of the project, the optimal management of project group, the dualism of project "plan-market" and the platform of project implementation.