洛阳西朱村曹魏墓石牌铭文中的镜鉴考

A Study of the Mirrors Recorded in the Inscription of Stone Labels Unearthed from a Wei Dynasty Tomb in Xizhucun, Luoyang

洛阳西朱村南一号曹魏墓出土200余件刻铭石牌。其中,铭文与镜鉴相关的石牌有4件,主要涉及金错镜、车琚镜及镜台。因该墓被盗严重,石牌铭文记载的上述三类器物早已不存。今结合历史文献与考古发掘资料进行深入考证,得出以下结论:其一,该墓随葬的金错镜应是小于七寸的金错铁镜,属于特种工艺镜;其二,石牌铭文中提到的"车琚镜",即车渠镜,亦即后人所云螺钿镜,这一铭文应是目前所见最早记载螺钿镜的史料;其三,石牌上所记纯金银镜台,尚未见到实物,属于专为上层社会制作的奢侈品。总体来看,西朱村曹魏墓墓主人具有极高的身份、地位,初步推断应在魏武王曹操与壮侯曹休之间。

Over 200 pieces of caved stone labels were unearthed from Xizhucun tomb M1 in Luoyang. Among them, four inscribed stone labels are concerned with mirrors, including a gold inlaid mirror, a Cheju mirror and a mirror stand. However, these three types of mirrors recorded in the inscriptions are no longer extant since the tomb was severely looted. On the basis of historical materials, the following conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the funerary gold inlaid mirror should be an iron mirror with inlaid gold, measuring less than 7 inches. Secondly, the Cheju mirror(车琚镜) mentioned in the inscription should be a Chequ mirror that is also referred to as a Luodian mirror. This inscription is so far the earliest record of the Luodian mirror. Thirdly, the gold and silver mirror stands mentioned in the inscription of stone labels that were not found in this tomb were luxury object used by the upper class. To sum up, the person buried in the tomb was most likely of very high status, possibly between Wei Wuwang Cao Cao and Zhuang Hou Cao Xiu.