浙江省社区居民道路交通伤害流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological features of road traffic injury among community residents in Zhejiang Province

目的掌握浙江省社区居民道路交通伤害流行特征与疾病负担,为开展针对性干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,调查分析浙江省11个县(市、区)常住居民2017年6月1日至2018年5月31日期间道路交通伤害发生情况、流行特征与疾病负担。结果共调查社区居民38005人,共有579人发生581人次道路交通伤害,年发生率为1.53%(标化率为1.14%),男女性年发生率分别为1.63%(310人次)和1.43%(271人次),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.58,P>0.05)。道路交通伤害死亡率为7.89/10万,男女性死亡率分别为5.26/10万和10.54/10万,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。道路交通伤害病例的交通角色主要为非机动车驾驶员(405人次,69.71%)、机动车驾驶员(66人次,11.36%)和行人(57人次,9.81%);使用交通工具前3位为电动自行车(368人次,63.34%)、其他非机动车(75人次,12.91%)和摩托车(58人次,9.98%);主要原因是与机动车碰撞(240人次,41.48%)。道路交通伤害病例主要受伤部位为下肢(43.10%),接受处理以门诊为主(43.97%),严重程度以轻度为主(40.86%)。道路交通伤害患者出现功能受损和留有残疾的比例分别为15.52%和3.10%,非死亡道路交通伤害病例平均休息44.24d(中位数20d),平均医疗费用10351元(中位数1800元)。结论道路交通伤害是浙江省社区居民较为常见的伤害类型,造成的经济和社会负担较重,要重视非机动车骑乘人员,特别是电动自行车骑乘人员的道路交通伤害预防控制问题。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features and disease burden of road traffic injuries among community residents in Zhejiang Province and to provide the evidence for further specific intervention. Methods By multi-stage cluster random sampling, the community-based survey was done in 11 counties or districts in Zhejiang. The data of occurrence, features and disease burden of road traffic injuries among permanent residents from June 1st in 2017 to May 31st in 2018 were collected. Results A total of 38 005 residents were surveyed, among whom 581 person times of 579 cases occurred road traffic injuries with the annual incidence rate of 1.53%(the standardized rate was 1.14%). The annual incidence rates of male and female were 1.63%(310 person times) and 1.43%(271 person times), respectively, and the difference was not significant (χ^2=2.58, P>0.05). The mortality rate of road traffic injury was 7.89 per 100 000 population. The male and female mortality rate were 5.26 per 100 000 population and 10.54 per 100 000 population, respectively, and the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Non-motorized vehicle rider (405 person times, 69.71%), motor vehicle driver (66 person times, 11.36%) and pedestrian (57 person times, 9.81%) were the majority of injured cases. Electric bicycle (368 person times, 63.34%), other non-motorized vehicle (75 person times, 12.91%) and motorcycle (58 person times, 9.98%) were the main types of vehicle. The main body part injured, treatment and severity were lower limbs (43.10%), outpatient treatment (43.97%) and light injury (40.86%), respectively. The proportions of road traffic injury cases with functional impairment and disability were 15.52% and 3.10%, respectively. The average rest days and medical expenses among non-fatal road traffic injury cases were 44.24 days (the median was 20 days) and 10 351 RMB (the median was 1 800 RMB). Conclusions Road traffic injury is the common type of injury among community residents in Zhejiang Province, which leads to heavy economic and social burden. More attention should be paid to non-motorized riders and passengers, especially for electric bicycle riders and passengers.