乡村社会环境集体抗争:生成逻辑、演进路径与治理策略——以“大连7·16溢油事故”中渔民抗争为例

Environmental Collective Protests of Village Society: Generative Logic, Evolutionary Path and Governance Strategy——Based on Case of Fishermen’s Protests on Oil Spill Incident on July 16th in Dalian

随着环境污染的加剧和农民环保意识的提高,近年来我国农村地区环境集体抗争事件呈明显递增趋势。对农村环境抗争的考察,跳出传统的关注抗争诱因、演变过程、政府消极应对等研究路径,以典型半封闭村庄的环境抗争为蓝本,审视整个抗争过程中参与者(农户)由分散的个体逐渐形成有组织的行动群体的过程,可以更清楚地发现利益互构和情境营造两个因素在推动农村环境抗争中发挥关键性作用。通过实证研究"大连7·16溢油事故"引发的渔民抗争事件,发现乡村社会利益互构使维权组织化集结成为一种可能,而村庄营造的有利抗争情境,进一步助推集体抗争行动向纵深发展。为了降低乡村社会环境抗争发生概率,减少因抗争造成的社会损失,应着力优化乡村固有利益格局,构建削弱维权情境的基层治理体系,使环境污染损害在多方参与、平等互信、相互包容、友好合作中得到妥善解决。

Recently, with the intensification of environmental pollution and the improvement of public awareness of environmental protection, Chinese environmental collective protests have been increasing. In terms of the investigation of environmental collective protests, we try to jump out of the traditional research path which focused on the causes of protests, evolutionary process and negative government responses. Based on the environmental struggle of typical semi-closed villages, this paper examines the process in which participants(farmers) gradually form organized action groups from dispersed individuals in the whole process of the struggle, and finds that the two factors of mutual benefit establishment and situation creation play a key role in promoting rural environmental struggle. Through empirical research on the fishermen’s protests caused by "the Oil Spill Incident on July 16th in Dalian", it is found that the mutual construction of rural social interests makes it possible to organize the assemblage of rights protection, and the favorable struggle situation created by villages further promotes the development of collective protests. In order to reduce the probability of rural social environmental resistance and the social losses caused by the resistance, efforts should be made to optimize the inherent interests of the countryside and build a grass-roots governance system that weakens the situation of safeguarding rights, so that environmental pollution damage can be properly solved in multi-party participation, equality, mutual trust, mutual tolerance and friendly cooperation.