民国西北开发实践之垦荒成效管窥——以陕西黄龙山垦区的人口变动为中心

A Glimpse of Land Reclamation Results of the Northwest Development Practice during the Period of the Republic of China——Focusing on Population Change in Huanglong Mountain Reclamation Area in Shaanxi Province

民国时期“典型示范区”陕西黄龙山区的垦荒开发是当时“西北开发”的重要一环,其经历了初步尝试、正式开发、步入正轨三个阶段。通过黄龙山垦区的设置,国家和中央政府的力量逐步向该区域渗透,为该区域的地方开发提供了动力。该区域在垦荒开发过程中的人口变动是无序的,短时间内垦民大量涌入和大量流出,打乱了正常的移垦计划,同时在区域内部亦存在人口分布不均、人口结构畸形的现象,这些问题对垦荒开发的过程和成效造成了一定的影响。该区域的人口变动特征是民国西北开发实践之垦荒成效的缩影。

The reclamation and development in Huanglong Mountain during the period of the Republic of China was an important part of the Northwest Development at that time.It undergone three stages of preliminary trial, formal development and getting on the right track.Through the setting of the Huanglong Mountain reclamation area,the power of the state and the central government gradually infiltrated into this region,which provided impetus for development in the region.But in the process of the reclamation and development, the population change in this region was disorderly.People influx and outflow rapidly in a short period of time disrupted the normal reclamation plan.At the same time, there was also a phenomenon of uneven population distribution and population structure in Huanglong Mountain.These problems had a certain effect on the development process and result of reclamation.The characteristics of population change in this region are the epitome of a microcosm of reclamation results in the Northwest Development during the period of Republic of China.