孔子天命观的新变及其意义

The New Change and Significance of Confucius’s View of Fate

孔子将专属于上层贵族尤其是只面对最高统治者的传统天命观拉近到士和平民阶层,客观上提高了“士”和“民”之社会地位。同时,在信仰天命的基础上积极探索天命,提出了“知天命”的观点,强调在天命面前要有所作为。当然,孔子的主观努力,还是要与天命观相符合,并不是要完全摆脱天命观。

Confucius brought the traditional view of fate,which were exclusive to the upper aristocracy (especially the supreme ruler),to the scholars and civilians. This act objectively improved the social status of these two classes. Relied on the belief in fate,Confucius actively explored fate,put forward the viewpoint of "knowing fate",and emphasized fate helps those who help themselves. Confucius believed that individual efforts should be in line with the view of fate other than completely getting rid of it.