三维政策工具解释框架下的人才引进政策——来自区域中心城市的案例

Talent Introduction Policy under the Framework of Three-dimensional Policy Tool Interpretation: A Case Study of Regional Central Cities

人才引进已经成为当前城市的重要工作,但政策执行面临诸多问题。以国家区域中心城市颁布的人才引进政策为例,沿着"需求面政策—供给面政策—环境面政策"的政策工具划分思路,在"推拉模型"基础上构建理论解释框架,发现各城市对政策工具的选择存在异性偏好,主要表现为需求面政策工具运用不足,过分关注塔尖人才而缺乏对潜力型人才的激励;供给面政策工具过溢,从重视物质激励向重视户籍、荣誉称号授予等非物质性福利供给面政策工具转变;环境面政策工具应用不完善,配套政策空洞化效应明显。地方政府在引才方面,应加强需求面政策工具的运用,理顺政府与市场的关系;避免供给面政策过溢,提升城市综合吸引力;警惕环境面政策不足,走内涵式引才的有效引才优化路径。

The introduction of talents has become an important work in current cities, but the implementation of policies faces many problems. Taking the talent introduction policy issued by the national regional central cities as an example, the theoretical explanation framework is constructed on the basis of the “push-pull model” along the dividing line of policy tools of “demand-supplyenvironment policy”. It is found that cities have different preferences for the choice of policy tools, which are mainly manifested in insufficient use of demand-side policy tools, too much attention to top talents and lack of incentives for potential talents. The policy tools on the supply side have overflowed, changing from the emphasis on material incentives to the emphasis on non-material welfare such as household registration and honorary titles. The application of environmental policy tools is not perfect, and the cavitation effect of supporting policies is obvious. The local government should strengthen the application of demand-side policy tools and straighten out the relationship between the government and the market, avoid the overflow of supply-side policies and enhance the comprehensive attraction of the city, beware of the inadequacy of environmental policies, and take the path of connotative talent introduction to optimize the path of effective talent introduction.