高校毕业生创业类型与就业的实证关系研究——来自创业环境与创新策略的影响

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Types and Employment of College Graduates——Influence from Entrepreneurial Environment and Innovation Strategies

创业作为解决就业问题的有效途径一直备受关注,不同类型的创业对就业产生不同影响。有关高校毕业生创业类型与就业关系的问卷调查显示,生存型创业和机会型创业在增加就业岗位数量和延长创业时间方面没有明显差异;我国高校毕业生创业质量不高,存在较高创业风险;政府的政策扶持对创业的就业数量和创业持续时间没有明显的调节作用,一系列政策在实施过程中与创业者的真实需求不完全对应,对生存型创业方面的政策支持较缺乏;生存型创业在交易结构方面的创新策略更能正向调节创业与就业数量、企业持续经营时间的作用关系,而机会型创业则不能发挥明显的调节作用。优化创业政策环境,应注重政策扶持的实效性、系统性和全面性,鼓励创业活动的创新性,对高校毕业生不同类型创业应一视同仁。

As an effective way to solve the employment problem, entrepreneurship has been paid close attention to. Different types of entrepreneurship have an impact on employment. The questionnaire survey on the relationship between the types of entrepreneurship and employment of college graduates shows that, there is no obvious difference between survival entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship in increasing the number of jobs and prolonging the life of entrepreneurship. The quality of entrepreneurship of college graduates in China is not high and there are high risks of entrepreneurship. The government’s policy support has no obvious regulating effect on the number of jobs and the duration of entrepreneurship. A series of policies issued do not completely correspond to the real needs of entrepreneurs in the implementation process, and the policy support for survival entrepreneurship is relatively lacking. The innovation strategy of survival entrepreneurship in the transaction structure can positively adjust the relationship between entrepreneurship and the number of jobs and the duration of business continuity, while opportunity entrepreneurship cannot play a significant role in adjustment. To optimize the policy environment for entrepreneurship, we should pay attention to the effectiveness, systematicness and comprehensiveness of policy support. To encourage innovation in entrepreneurial activities, different types of entrepreneurship among college graduates should be treated equally.