农业技术进步、劳动力转移与农民收入差距

Agricultural Technology Progress, Labor Force Transfer and Regional Rural Income Gap

区域间农民收入差距是我国收入不平等的重要来源。分析农业技术进步和劳动力转移对区域间农民收入差距的影响,得到以下结论:一是我国区域间农民收入差距呈扩大趋势,除非中、西部地区农民收入能以更快速度增长,否则短期内很难缩小与东部地区差距。二是农业技术进步不仅对农民增收有直接作用,还会通过劳动力转移间接增加农民收入。人力资本、农业财政投入及市场化对农民增收均有显著贡献,自然灾害对农民增收影响为负。人力资本和市场化更有利于东部地区农民增收。自然灾害减少中部地区农民收入,对东、西部地区影响不大。农业财政投入对农民增收的作用在三大区域较为一致。三是农业技术进步对农民增收的直接作用拉大了区域间农民收入差距,尽管经由劳动力转移的间接作用缩小了该差距,但不足以改变农民收入差距扩大的趋势。

Regional rural income gap contributes a lot to the income inequality in China.This paper empirically studies the impact of agricultural technology progress on the regional income gap and the intermediary effect of labor force transfer and arrives at the following conclusions:First,the regional rural income gap shows a trend of expansion;Unless the rural income in the central and western regions can grow at a faster rate,it will be difficult to narrow the gap between the Midwest and Eastern regions in the short term.Second,agricultural technological progress not only has a direct effect on the increase of rural income,but also indirectly increases it through labor transfer.Human capital,government financial investment and marketization all have significant positive contribution to the increase of rural income,while the impact of natural disasters on the increase of rural income is negative and there are regional differences.Human capital and marketization are more conducive to increasing rural income in the eastern region,while the natural disasters will reduce rural income in the central region and have little impact on the eastern and western regions.The effect of agricultural financial input is consistent in the three regions.Third,the direct effect of agricultural technology progress widens the income gap between regions,though the income gap between regions has been narrowed through labor transfer,however,the direct effect of agricultural technology progress on rural income is much greater than the indirect effect,which makes the already expanded regional income gap continue to expand.