明末清初江南文人旅游美学

Jiangnan Literati’ Travelling Aesthetics in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

明末清初江南文人旅游审美主要表现在对自然之“险”美的探索、自然之“奇”美的发现、自然之“秀”美的观赏等方面。江南文人之所以能发现自然诸种美,是由于他们的审美修养,能够以独特的眼光审视自然,在他们看来,自然界的一切物象都具有不俗的观赏价值。从旅游审美中可知中西美学的某些差异,中国的审美哲学强调物我合一,对象是我心中的对象,我融汇在对象中,自然,这种方式观照下的自然,随着“我”的意绪的流动而千变万化。西方审美哲学中物我是对立的,对象是对象,“我”是“我”,强调冷静的关照,因此对象在“我”之外,它虽为我所塑造,但缺少情感融入的审美改造,往往有所拘囿,局限于时空。

Jiangnan literati’ judgements of beauty of travelling in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties mainly focused on the discovery of the dangerous, strange and elegant aspects of nature. Jiangnan literati can find the beauty of nature due to their aesthetic cultivation and ability to view nature in a unique way. In their view, all objects and images of nature have great values for people to view. This paper finds the differences between Chinese and Western travelling aesthetics. Chinese aesthetic philosophy emphasizes the unity of objects and self, which reflects the inherent interactions of objects and self. In contrast, the relationship between objects and self is opposite and separate in Western aesthetic philosophy. Although objects in nature are shaped by people, they are isolated and lack of the investment of people’s feeling, and therefore Western aesthetic philosophy is vulnerable to the limitation of time and space.