医务人员对HIV/AIDS病人歧视态度的研究

Analysis and reflection on current status of discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients of medical staffs

目的本研究旨在探究医护人员对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)歧视的现状及其影响因素,为降低医护人员对HIV/AIDS病人的歧视及艾滋病防治提供理论参考和现实依据。方法本研究于2018年3月采取方便抽样方法,抽取3家医院共295名医护人员进行问卷调查,包括一般资料问卷、中文版Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表、艾滋病相关知识问卷、职业暴露与防护知识问卷。结果①医务人员艾滋病歧视量表得分(2.11±0.72),因子得分从高到低依次为担心感染(2.20±0.79)、耻辱偏见(2.13±0.74)、社会歧视行为(2.07±0.73)、个人歧视行为(2.04±0.78)。②有50名(16.95%)医务人员存在艾滋病歧视,245名(83.05%)不存在艾滋病歧视。③医务人员艾滋病相关知识2分~5分,均分4.56±0.65,总体知晓率为91.32%;职业暴露处理与防护知识2分~6分,均分3.98±1.09,总体知晓率为66.33%。④女性、艾滋病相关知识、职业暴露处理与防护知识是影响医务人员艾滋病歧视的危险因素(OR=0.397、0.582、0.674)。结论医务人员群体仍存在对HIV/AIDS病人的歧视态度,应加强医务人员的艾滋病相关知识、职业暴露处理与防护知识的培训,降低医务人员对艾滋病的歧视,以推动我国艾滋病防治工作的进展。

Objective To analyze and reflect on the current status of discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients of medical staffs and to provide theoretical and practical basis for reducing discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients. Methods In March 2018, 295 medical personnels from 3 hospitals were sampled, and investigated by general data questionnaire, Chinese Zelaya AIDS discrimination scale, AIDS-related knowledge questionnaire, occupational exposure and protection knowledge questionnaire.Results ①The score of AIDS discrimination scale for medical staff was(2.11±0.72), and the factors scored from high to low were fear of infection(2.20±0.79), stigma prejudice(2.13±0.74), social discrimination(2.07±0.73), and personal discrimination(2.04±0.78).②There were 50(16.95%) medical staff with AIDS discrimination, and 245(83.05%) without AIDS discrimination.③The average score of AIDS-related knowledge among medical staff was(4.56±0.65), an overall awareness rate of 91.32%. The average score of occupational exposure management and protection knowledge was(3.98±1.09), an overall awareness rate of 66.33%.④ Gender, AIDS-related knowledge, occupational exposure management and protection knowledge were risk factors for AIDS discrimination among medical staff(OR=0.397, 0.582, 0.674). Conclusions Discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients still exists among medical staff. Training on AIDS-related knowledge, occupational exposure management and protection knowledge should be strengthened to reduce discrimination against AIDS among medical staff so as to promote the progress of AIDS prevention and control in China.