构建生态保护地役权制度的现实路径

The Realistic Path of Constructing Easement System of Ecological Protection

生态保护地役权是以保护生态环境利益为目的的特殊地役权,属于公共地役权的子概念。但是相较于一般地役权来说,生态保护地役权在权利主体范围、权力行使界限、负担义务内容以及权利类型种类等方面具有不同,也因此在构建生态保护地役权时应该从多方面、多角度入手。在立法层面,应该采取上位法和下位法综合立法模式,在现有地役权概念基础上加入公共地役权概念,在不同自然资源保护单行法中规定具体规则。在执行层面,政府应该鼓励支持民间资本参与,并且在相关政策上予以保障。同时,也要加强司法保障和公民意识提升,为制度落实奠定基础。

The ecological protection easement is a special easement for the purpose of protecting the ecological environment and belongs to the sub-concept of public easement. However, compared with the general easement, the ecological protection easement has different aspects in the scope of the rights subject, the power exercise limit, the burden obligation content, and the type of rights. Therefore, there should be started from multiple angles and many aspectsin constructing the ecological protection easement. At the legislative level, the upper-level and lower-level comprehensive legislative models should be adopted, and the concept of public easements should be added on the basis of the existing easement concept, and specific rules should be specified in different natural resource protection laws. At the implementation level, the government should encourage the participation of private capital and guarantee it in relevant policies. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen judicial security and civic awareness, and lay the foundation for the implementation of the system.