《诗源辩体》对《文心雕龙》《诗品》的批评与接受

Comments on Criticism and Acceptance of the "Wen Xin Diao Long" and "Shi Pin" in "Shi Yuan Bian Ti"

晚明诗论家许学夷在《诗源辩体》第三十五卷中对历代诗论以时为序进行了邃密有据的辩说。他虽总体评价汉魏六朝诗学所论"浮泛迂远",但在前贤时彦的研究基础上,仍对汉魏六朝诗学代表即刘勰《文心雕龙》及钟嵘《诗品》的诗学观点有所采纳,并能提出富有新见的批评和总结,从而完善了明代以溯诗之源流、辨诗之正变为手段的复古诗论。具体而言,许学夷在"折衷""得要"等诗学研究方法上多能体认褒扬刘勰,而在溯诗源、品第诗人及诗歌美学方面,则主要批评接受了钟嵘的诗学思想。

Xu Xueyi, a poetry critic in the late Ming Dynasty, madea detailed and well-grounded argument on the past dynasties’ poetry theory in time sequence in Volume 35 of "Shi Yuan Bian Ti". Although he generally appraised the poetics of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties as "vague and unrealistic", on the basis of the study of the former sages, he still adopted the poetic view points of Liu Xie’s "Wen Xin Diao Long" and Zhong Rong’s "Shi Pin", and could put forward new criticism and summary, thus perfecting the Retro-classical Poetry Theory in Ming Dynasty which use tracing the origin of poetry and analyzing poetry form as a mean. Specifically, Xu Xueyi could appreciate Liu Xie on the methods of poetics such as "compromise" and "pertinence", while he mainly criticized and accepted Zhong Rong’s poetic thoughts on tracing the origin of poetry, tasting poets and aesthetics of poetry.