刑事缺席审判:立法动因、理论基础与制度完善

The Criminal Trial in Absentia: Legislative Motivation,Theoretical Basis and Perfection of System

新《刑事诉讼法》增设缺席审判制度的立法动因包括:加强国际追逃追赃工作,维护司法权威;尊重被告人诉讼权利,提高司法效率;保障被告人正当利益,彰显司法公正。该制度的理论基础在于控诉原则、起诉法定原则和被告人出庭权的可放弃性及其可限制性。检视我国的刑事缺席审判制度,应注意其中的权利救济、代理权限和证据标准问题。对此,应在明确立法动因、理论基础等制度构建前提的基础上,对我国刑事缺席审判制度加以完善。

The legislative motivation to add the system of the trial in absentia includes strengthening the international hunt for those who have fled abroad and recovering the ill-gotten gains to maintain the judicial authority, respecting the litigation rights for the defendant to increase the judicial efficiency, and guaranteeing the legitimate interests of the defendant to show the judicial justice in new Criminal Procedure Law.The theoretical basis of the system is the principle of accusation, the principle of statutory prosecution and the right of abandonability and restriction for the defendant to appear in court.Attention should be paid to the right relief, the purview of agency and evidence criteria for the inspection of the criminal trial in absentia system.Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to improve the criminal trial absentia system on the basis of system construction to clarify the legislative motivation and theoretical basis.