现代国家形成理论视野下清末奉天盐政改革新探

Re-investigation of the Reform of Fengtian Salt Policy in the Late Qing Dynasty in View of the Formation of Modern State

清末奉天盐政改革是一场政府强力主导下的复合式制度变革。改革以加强地方政府财政汲取能力为目的,寓民族大义于其中,基本建立了相对完善的盐政体系。从现代国家形成理论来看,改革的推行在无形中促进了东北三省区域一体化进程,构成了“地方主义”的地缘基础,改革后新增的盐税大部分归入奉天当局并投资新政则蕴含了“集中化”的财政构造。因此,改革在本质上体现了现代国家形成中集中化地方主义趋势的萌发。

The Reform of Fengtian Salt Policy in the late Qing Dynasty was a complex institutional reform strongly dominated by the government, which aimed at improving the local government′s capability of financing;which the national interests were included in;and as a result of which a relatively complete salt administration system was established.According to the theory of modern state formation, the reform carried out has implicitly promoted the regional integrational process of the three northeastern provinces and constituted the geographical basis of “localism”.Most of the new salt tax after the reform was attributed to the Fengtian authorities and invested in the New Deal that contained a “centralized” financial structure.Therefore, the reform essentially reflects the trend of germination for the centralized localism in the formation of modern countries.