汉日量词“枚”的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Classifiers “枚”

汉语和日语均通过使用丰富的量词来表达数量。日语量词多借用汉语量词,并在长期使用和发展过程中形成了自己的语言特点。“枚”作为一个古今通用的常用量词,在汉语和日语中,语义和语用有异有同。汉语量词“枚”的使用范围呈现出由小到大,又由大逐渐变小直至萎缩的演变过程;而日语量词“枚”的发展趋势则是从无到有,使用范围逐步增加,而后减少,又复增加的演变过程。

Quantity is expressed with abundant quantifiers both in Chinese and Japanese languages.Quantifiers in Japanese are mostly borrowed from the Chinese, and the special language features are formed in the long-term use and development.As a commonly- used quantifier from the ancient times to nowadays, there are semantic and pragmatic similarities and dissimilarities of “枚” in Chinese and Japanese.Its range of use in Chinese shows the small-large and then the opposite evolution;its evolution process in Japanese is from scratch to increasing, decreasing and then re-increasing.