基于人的基本生存境遇谈美学研究的出发点

The Starting Point of Aesthetic Research Based on the Living Conditions of Human Beings

美学是广义的人的哲学的组成部分,美学的发展也是伴随着对人的现实的基本生存境遇的探索而不断向前发展。从哲学的角度上讲,海德格尔提出“物的原初意义是没有意义,意义是来源于人自身的价值判断尺度”;康德在《实践理性批判》中提到“人是目的”“人向自然立法”,可见人的“存在”是一切“存在”的出发点所在。从美学的角度上讲,美的本质是人的本质最集中、最完满的体现,人的本质是美的本质最深刻、最内在的根源。从艺术的角度上讲,艺术所表现的内容全是人的生存、存在的体验,艺术的驱动力、内容及其感人魅力都来自于人类的生存体验。着眼于对人性的悖论、人生的悖论、人类社会的悖论三方面来探究人的现实的基本境遇,以此来说明美学研究的出发点。

Aesthetics is a part of human philosophy in a broad sense, and the development of aesthetics is also accompanied by the exploration of the basic living conditions of human reality. From a philosophical point of view, Heidegger put forward that“the original meaning of things is meaningless, and themeaning comes from the yardstick of value judgment of human beings themselves.”In his Critique of Practical Reason, Kant refers to“man is the purpose”and“man legislates to nature”. From the aesthetic point of view, the essence of beauty is themost concentrated and perfect embodiment of human nature, and the essence of human beings is themost profound and inner root of beauty. From the point of view of art, the content of art is all the survival of human beings and the experience of existence. The driving force of art, the content and its touching charm all come from the survival experience of human beings. Focusing on the paradox of human nature, the paradox of life and the paradox of human society, the basic situation of human reality is deeply studied in order to explain the starting point of aesthetic research.