有害生物防治的哲学思考

Philosophic Thinking on Pest Control

有害生物是指对人类的生活、生产甚至生存产生危害的生物,包括有害动物、病原微生物和有害植物。生态系统失衡、生物协同进化关系缺失、生物的生存对策差异、生物的抗逆性原理、植物免疫力低下等原因都可能导致有害生物暴发。根据不同的有害生物对象、发生发展阶段和具体客观情况有三种治理思想:预防哲学、容忍哲学和消灭哲学。保持生物多样性、维持天敌数量、营造健康林分、防范外来入侵物种等,是做好有害生物治理的关键所在。进行防治决策时应分析造成损失与防治成本,在采取防治策略时也应对各种措施的利弊进行深入分析,从长远和阶段利益、整体和局部利益来考量。

Pests are those organisms damage human life, production and even survival, including harmful animals, pathogens, as well as weeds.The outbreaks of pests could be induced by ecosystem imbalance, absence of coevolution relationships, differences in life history strategies, stress resistance principle of organisms, and the low immunity of plants, etc.Based on different pests, developmental stages and specific objective conditions, three pest management strategies were proposed as follow, philosophy of prevention, philosophy of containment and philosophy of eradication.It is critical to improve pest control efficacy through maintaining biodiversity of ecosystems, conservation of natural enemies, construction of healthy forests, prevention of invasive species, etc.The damage loss needs to be analyzed and compared with the control costs when we make a strategic decision associated to pest management.The advantages and disadvantages of each control measure should be also carefully analyzed before implementation through long-term interests versus stage interests, overall interests versus partial interests.