基于结构方程模型的空巢老人抑郁现状及影响因素

Depression status and influencing factors of empty-nest elderly based on structural equation model

目的了解山西省空巢老人抑郁现状,通过结构方程模型探讨其相关影响因素,为预防和干预空巢老人抑郁提供科学依据。方法运用抑郁自评量表和一般情况调查表对山西省4 901名空巢老人进行问卷调查,并拟合结构方程模型。结果山西省空巢老人抑郁症状检出率为64. 21%。结构方程模型分析结果发现,健康状况对抑郁症状有直接影响(P=0. 028),总效应为-0. 978;经济状况对抑郁症状的作用大小为0. 086(P=0. 030),社会功能对抑郁症状的直接影响无统计学意义(P=0. 173),其可通过与健康状况、经济状况的相关来作用于抑郁症状。三个潜变量之间相关(均有P<0. 05),健康状况与社会功能相关性最强(r=0. 942),其次是与经济状况(r=0. 718),社会功能与经济状况相关性为0. 683。结论本次调查的空巢老人大部分存在抑郁症状。健康状况是空巢老人抑郁症状最直接、最重要的影响因素,社会功能通过影响健康状况、经济状况进而作用于抑郁症状。

Objective To clarify the depression status of empty-nest elderly in Shanxi Province, to explore the related influencing factors by structural equation model, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of depression for empty nesters. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 4 901 empty-nest elderly in Shanxi Province by self-rating depression scale and general situation questionnaire, and the model was established. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among empty nesters in Shanxi Province was 64. 21%. The model demonstrated that health status had a direct impact on depressive symptoms ( P = 0.028 ), the total effect was - 0.978;the effect of economic status on depressive symptoms was 0.086 ( P = 0.030), and social function had no significant impact on depressive symptoms ( P = 0.173), which could affect depressive symptoms through affecting health status and economic status. There was a significant correlation between the three latent variables ( P < 0.05 ). Health status had the strongest correlation with social function (r = 0.942 ), followed by economic status (r =0.718), and the correlation between social function and economic status was 0. 683. Conclusions In this research, most of the emptynest elderly suffer from depressive symptoms. Health status is the most direct and important influencing factor of depressive symptoms in empty nesters. Social function affects depressive symptoms through influencing health status and economic status.