基于跨理论模型的大学生体育锻炼行为阶段与变化程序研究

The study of college students’ physical exercise behavior phase and process of change based on the Transtheoretical model

目的本研究基于跨理论模型,对大学生在改善体育锻炼行为过程中不同阶段的特征进行分析,探求变化程序在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的作用,为大学生体育锻炼行为阶段匹配干预提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对山西省5类高校932名大学生进行问卷调查。大学生锻炼行为阶段现状采用描述性分析;利用方差分析及多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨不同体育锻炼变化阶段的变化程序差异;利用多因素方差分析个体一般情况对变化程序的影响。结果 89.4%大学生明确体育锻炼的重要性,但对自身锻炼状况感到满意仅占29.4%;运动阶段分布呈左偏峰倒U型分布,且存在性别差异(χ2=54.657,P<0.001);大学生体育锻炼变化程序存在阶段特征。性别对互助关系、意识控制具有主效应(F性别=7.400,P=0.007;F性别=7.778,P=0.005)。年级和性别对社会释放具有交互效应(F年级*性别=3.614,P=0.013)。结论大学生体育锻炼行为呈现"知而不行"的特点,且符合跨理论模型的结构。研究者应根据大学生体育行为的阶段特征,制定针对性的干预策略。

Objective To analyze the stage characteristics in the exercise behavior improvement of college students and explore the role of Process in the exercise behavior change based on the transtheoretical model, providing basis for the stage-matched intervention for the exercise behavior of college students. Methods There were 932 students who completed the questionnaires, from 5 universities in Shanxi Province were selected by using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the exercise behavior of college students. Variance analysis and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the difference of the process of with stage of change among college students’ physical exercise. Multivariate variance analysis was used to analyze how personal characteristics affect process of change. Results Among all participants, 89.4% students knew the importance of physical exercise, and 29.4% students were satisfied with their physical exercise condition. The distribution of students’ physical exercise stage showed an inverted U-shape with left-side peak, and there was a significant difference between gender(χ~2=54.657, P<0.001). There were significant stage characteristics in the process of students’ exercise behavior, gender had a significant main effects on mutual aid relation(F=7.400, P=0.07)and conscious control(F=7.778, P=0.005), gender and grade had interaction effects on social release(F=3.614, P=0.013). Conclusions The college students’ exercise behavior showed the characteristics of "knowing but not to do", which conformed to the Transtheoretical model. It is essential to develop targeted phased exercise intervention strategies according to the relationship between change of phase and change of procedure.