计划化和组织化与翻译秩序建构(1949—1966)

Planning and Programming in Translation and Construction of Translation Order (1949—1966)

1949年以降,中国进入了全新的社会文化语境。翻译活动被纳入国家体制,高度计划化和组织化,以服务于新型的社会主义文化生态。主流批评话语声讨新中国成立前的翻译"乱象";政府积极创办翻译刊物,创设翻译出版机构及召开全国性的翻译会议,其意均在建构新的翻译文化秩序。这一系列的建构手段,对"十七年"(1949-1966)的翻译和翻译批评活动产生了深远的影响。计划化和组织化成为翻译批评话语中的核心叙述,它既建构起了翻译工作技术层面的操作规范,又满足了政治层面创新翻译文化话语的战略谋局,成了维护国家政治文化安全的必要手段。

Since 1949, China has witnessed a totally different social and cultural context. Translation is strictly in line with the plan and program of the state so as to better serve the newly established socialist culture. A new translation order is under construction by the following approaches:(1) to criticize translation ills before 1949;(2) to found translation periodicals;(3) to establish translation and publishing institutions;(4) to hold national translation meetings. These approaches have exerted great impact upon translation and translation criticism in the years of 1949-1966. Planning and programming is the key term in translation criticism. It not only constitutes the operational norm for translation practice but also serves the political strategy to create a new translation culture and serves as a means of guaranteeing national safety in politics and culture.