社会生态系统理论视角下听力障碍儿童照顾者照顾感受的质性研究

Caring experience of caregivers of hearing-impaired children based on the Social Ecological Model:a qualitative study

目的了解听力障碍儿童照顾者照顾过程中的真实感受,为针对性干预提供参考。方法基于社会生态系统理论设置提纲,对15名听力障碍儿童照顾者进行半结构式访谈,采用Colaizzi现象学研究方法分析资料。结果析出3个主题:微观系统为照顾者身心疲惫;中观系统为生活环境改变;宏观系统为支持系统薄弱。结论听力障碍儿童照顾者的社会生态系统不容乐观,康复人员应关注影响照顾者身心健康的各系统因素,并有针对性地提供个性化服务,有利于其更好地照护患儿和提高康复效果。

Objective To understand the experience of caregivers of hearing-impaired children based on the Social Ecological Model and to provide reference for targeted interventions. Methods Questions were set based on the Social Ecological Model before the interview, then a semi-structured interview was conducted on 15 caregivers of hearing-impaired children. Data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Results Three themes were identified: physical and mental tiredness in microsystem;changes of living environment in mesosystem (mezzo system);and weak support system in macrosystem. Conclusion The caregivers of hearing-impaired children reported poor social-ecological system. Medical staff should pay attention to systematic factors affecting physical and mental health of the caregivers, and provide targeted personalized services, to help them take care of their children well and improve rehabilitation effect.