肾移植患者免疫抑制剂服药障碍及其影响因素研究

Study on immunosuppressant therapy barrier of renal transplant patients and its influencing factors

目的:分析肾移植患者服用免疫抑制剂期间的服药障碍水平及其影响因素。方法:选取长沙市某三级甲等医院符合入选标准的181例肾移植术后患者为研究对象,采用汉化版的免疫抑制剂服药障碍量表进行问卷调查。结果:服药障碍总得分(29.03±7.01)分,其中不可控因素维度得分(19.00±4.68)分,可控因素维度得分(10.03±3.21)分。不可控因素维度的均分为2.38分,可控因素维度的均分为2.00分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。移植术后时间、患者年龄、患者教育程度为肾移植患者免疫抑制剂服药障碍的影响因素。结论:肾移植术后患者均面临一定程度的服药障碍,其中每天服用免疫抑制剂的次数太多和数量太多是患者感受最大的服药障碍;年纪较轻,教育程度低和移植术后时间较久的患者相比其他患者经历更多的服药障碍。

Objective: To investigate the immunosuppressant therapy barrier of renal transplant patients and its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 181 patients with renal transplantation who met the inclusion criteria in a tertiary grade A hospital in Changsha were recruited as subjects between June and November of 2017. General information questionnaire and the Chinese version of Immunosuppressant Therapy Barrier Scale (ITBS) were used to collect data. Results: Renal transplant patients showed different degree of immunosuppressant therapy barrier. The total score of immunosuppressant therapy barrier score was (29.03±7.01), among which the uncontrollable factor dimension score was (19.00±4.68), and the controllable factor dimension score was (10.03±3.21). Among the influencing factors of therapy barrier, the time of transplantation, the age and educational level of patients were statistically significant. Conclusion: After renal transplantation, patients are facing a certain degree of immunosuppressant therapy barriers. The most common immunosuppressant therapy barrier is the high frequency and large amount of taking immunosuppressant. Patients who are younger, with lower educational level and have longer post-transplantation experience have more immunosuppressant therapy barriers than others.