基于虚拟现实的远海岛礁地理环境物联网监测系统设计与实现

The Design and Implementation of a Virtual Reality Based Geographical Environment Monitoring System for a Remote Island

针对远海岛礁生态环境监测与保护无法满足环境要素实时监测与智能处置需求,在分析现有环境要素感知与智能危机应对技术的基础上,融合虚拟现实和物联网技术,研发了远海岛礁地理环境实时监测系统。该系统依据传感器类型设计存储表格,以支持多源异构传感器数据统一组织与管理;利用物联网技术采集远海岛礁水体、土壤、气象、植被等地理环境数据,实现了感知数据的无线传输、接入与远程数据存储;利用虚拟现实技术,在远海岛礁三维场景建模的基础上,实现了场景漫游与互操作,并结合物联网技术实现了虚实一体化的智能感应设备的远程控制。基于该系统,管理人员不仅能获取远海岛礁实时地理环境数据,还能远程操作智能感应设备(如植被浇灌水阀),解决了以往需要人工往返岛礁的管理问题,有效地提高了工作效率。

This study analyzes the present technologies related to environment sensing and intelligent crisis response, and integrates Virtual Reality (VR) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to implement a real-time geographical environment monitoring system aimed at solving the real-time monitoring and intelligent reaction needs of the ecological monitoring and protection of a remote island. The system adopts Browser/Server (B/S) architecture that contains four layers, a sensor layer, network layer, service layer, and application layer, fbnning complete technical processes beginning with data perception, data transmission, and data computation and finalizing in data application. Tables are designed according to environmental monitoring sensors that are mainly utilized in the water, soil, meteorology, and vegetation monitoring, thus achieving a unified storage and management system of multi-source heterogeneous sensor data. IoT technology is adopted to connect the sensors, servers, and computers into a unified network that achieves wireless transmission and both the access and remote storage of geographical environment data (e.g. water, soil, air and biology) from which the dynamic changes of water quality in the harbor, soil drought in the thicket, and meteorology in the island area can be displayed and evaluated;in this manner an early warning for abnormal changes in the environment can be obtained. VR technology is used to navigate and perform operations in both the indoor and outdoor modeled and integrated island scenery. Moreover, by integrating VR and IoT technologies, remote control of the intelligent sensing device is achieved;for example, this control is applicable for vegetation watering valves and lights. Using this system, a manager can not only obtain real-time geographical environment data and identify any abnormal changes of environmental features, but also remotely control intelligent sensing devices. Consequently, manual management of the island is no longer needed, and working efficiency is improved.