从“张国臂掖”到“生态屏障”——河西走廊由农返牧的历史契机及其地缘政治学意涵

Historical Opportunities and Geopolitical Implications of the Return from Agriculture to Grazing in Hexi Corridor

在河西走廊被纳入汉代农业国家版图以前,经济类型以游牧为主,生态环境良好。但是自从它被纳入汉代国家版图以后,为了完成“经略西域”和“隔绝蒙藏”这一地缘政治使命,汉王朝便对河西走廊上的绿洲进行了屯垦化改造,经济类型由此前的游牧经济逐渐转变为定居农耕。由牧转农带来的人口增长,使得河西走廊以及祁连山区域生态环境压力持续增加。从今天来看,河西走廊已经基本实现了由牧转农的地缘政治使命,而新时代的地缘政治使命却日益凸显甚至可以说迫在眉睫——经由“国家养生”来保障西北政治与生态安全以及“一带一路”倡议的顺利实现。因此,有必要借助建设祁连山国家森林公园的历史契机,适时地、有计划地通过由农返牧来偿还河西走廊以及祁连山区域的历史“生态欠账”,恢复其西北“生态屏障”的地缘战略地位,这显然是对新时代河西走廊地缘政治战略主题进行及时调整的一个明智选择。

Before the Hexi Corridor was incorporated into the national territory of agriculture in the Han Dynasty,nomadism was the main economic type, and the ecological environment was good. However, since it was incorporated into the national territory of the Han Dynasty, in order to accomplish the geopolitical mission of"managing western regions"and"isolating Mongolia and Tibet", the Han Dynasty had reclaimed and transformed the oases along the Hexi Corridor, and the nomadic economy had gradually transformed into settled farming. The population growth brought about by the conversion of pasture to agriculture has made the ecological environment pressure in Hexi Corridor and Qilian Mountains continue to increase. From today’s point of view, the Hexi Corridor has basically realized the geopolitical mission of shifting from livestock raising to farming, and the geopolitical mission of the new era has become increasingly prominent and even urgent. Therefore, it is necessary to take advantage of the historical opportunity of the construction of Qilian Mountain National Forest Park to repay the historical"ecological debts"of Hexi Corridor and Qilian Mountains by returning farming and grazing in a timely and planned way, and to restore the geostrategic position of the"ecological barrier"in Northwest China. This is obviously a wise choice to make timely adjustments to geopolitical strategic theme in the Hexi Corridor in the new era.