近世文人，私所敬慕者，一人而已——苏轼对陆贽的尊崇与超越

“Among Modern Scholars I Admire One Person only”——On Su Shi’s Respect for and Surpassing over Lu Zhi

苏轼自谓于近世文士中私所敬慕者独陆贽一人。其为学“好贾谊、陆贽之书”,为政“论古今治乱,不为空言”;元祐立朝“草诏陆贽倾诸公”,绍圣被贬,惠州儋州医民施药效仿陆贽,但谪居期间在施政惠民方面则超越了陆贽“畏慎”避祸的为人行事风格,凡遇事可尊主泽民者,便忘躯为之。道大难容,才高为累,苏、陆一生皆未尽其用,苏轼晚年,仍以陆贽俭德为楷模,仍欲传陆贽之学于子孙、后学。梳理探究苏轼对于陆贽的接受、尊崇与超越,可以从一个特殊的角度略窥苏轼丰富个性及政治人格的独特侧面。

Su Shi claimed that Lu Zhi was the only one he admired among the scholars at that time. Academically,he liked and studied books by Jia Yi and Lu Zhi. Politically, he commented on governing disorders in ancient and modern times, never giving empty talks. When Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou, he treated the local people in the way Lu Zhi did, but during his residence, he surpassed Lu Zhi in the government administration. In his late years, Su Shi still took Lu Zhi’s virtue of thrift as a model, and still wanted to pass on Lu Zhi’s learning to his descendants and future generations. By combing and exploring Su Shi’s acceptance of, respect for and surpassing over Lu Zhi, we can get a glimpse of Su Shi’s rich personality and unique aspects of his political personality from a special angle.