七种植物秸秆对连作番茄苗生长及土壤酶活性的影响

Effect of Seven Plant Straws on the Growth of Continuous Cropping Tomato and the Activity of Soil Enzyme

以7种不同科属的作物秸秆为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,在连作10年的番茄土中添加不同的秸秆,以不添加秸秆的番茄连作土壤为对照,共8个处理。研究不同秸秆对番茄生长及土壤酶、根结线虫的影响,以期为番茄根结线虫的生态防控及克服连作障碍提供参考依据。结果表明:不同作物秸秆对番茄生长产生不同影响,其中玉米和分蘖毛葱秸秆处理番茄生长势最好。添加不同作物秸秆均可增加土壤pH,同时降低了土壤EC值,有利于改善土壤环境。添加万寿菊秸秆可增加土壤有机质含量,50 d显著高于对照。在各取样时期不同作物秸秆对土壤酶活性产生不同程度的影响,30 d,万寿菊和菊芋秸秆处理的脲酶和转化酶的活性显著高于对照。40 d,玉米和万寿菊秸秆处理的转化酶和中性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照。50 d,分蘖毛葱和大蒜秸秆处理的转化酶和中性磷酸酶活性低于对照。60 d,玉米和小麦秸秆处理中性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照。70 d,番茄、玉米和小麦秸秆土壤转化酶活性与对照差异显著,各处理的中性磷酸酶活性差异不显著。土壤酶和有机质、pH和EC值的简单相关关系分析表明,脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性与pH呈极显著负相关,与EC值呈显著正相关,同时脲酶活性和有机质含量呈极显著正相关。分蘖毛葱秸秆对番茄根结数量有显著的抑制作用。综上,将一定量分蘖毛葱秸秆添加入番茄连作土中,能显著促进番茄生长,改善土壤环境,对根结线虫有一定的防治效果。

With seven kinds of different crop straw residues as material,using randomized block design,different straws were added in the soil of continuous cropping tomato for 10 years,the control was the soil without the straw residues,a total of eight treatments.The effect of different straws for tomato continuous cropping soil on tomato growth and soil enzymes and the root-knot nematode were studied,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of root-knot nematode and the overcoming of continuous cropping obstacles.The results showed that the tomato grew the most healthy for the treatment of maize and onion straw.The addition of different crop straws could increase soil pH and reduce soil EC value,which was beneficial to improve soil environment.Adding marigold straw could increase the content of soil organic matter,which was significantly higher than the control on 50 th day.Adding different crop straws at each sampling period had different effects on soil enzyme activity.And on 30 th day, urease and invertase activity of the treatments of marigold and Jerusalem artichoke straw was significantly higher than the control. On 40 th day, neutral phosphatase and invertase activity of the treatments of the maize and marigold straw was significantly higher than control. On 50 th day,the neutral phosphatase and invertase activity of the treatments of onion and garlic straw was significantly lower than control.On 60 th day, neutral phosphatase activity of maize and wheat straw was significantly higher than control.On 70 th day, invertase activity of the treatments of wheat, maize and tomato straw was significantly higher than control and neutral phosphatase activity of each treatment made no differences.And we made simple correlation among soil enzymes and organic matter,pH and EC.The results showed that urease and neutral phosphatase activity showed very significant negative correlation with pH,and significant positive correlated to the EC,and were very significant positive correlation of urease and organic matter.Onion straw significantly inhibited the number of tomato root knots.In conclusion,adding a certain amount of onion straw into tomato continuous cropping soil can significantly promote tomato growth,improve soil environment,and have a certain control effect on root knot nematodes.