可溶性焦磷酸酶的研究进展

Research Progress of Soluble Pyrophosphatase

焦磷酸酶(pyrophosphatase, PPase)是一种将底物焦磷酸(pyrophosphoric acid, PPi)水解成两分子磷酸盐的酶。目前,自然界中存在两大类PPase:膜结合型焦磷酸酶(membrane-integral pyrophosphatase,M-PPase)和可溶性焦磷酸酶(soluble inorganic pyrophatase, s-PPase)。s-PPase又分为Ⅰ型可溶性焦磷酸酶(soluble inorganicpyrophatase FamilyⅠ, s-PPaseⅠ)、Ⅱ型可溶性焦磷酸酶(soluble inorganic pyrophatase FamilyⅡ, s-PPaseⅡ)和Ⅲ型可溶性焦磷酸酶(soluble inorganic pyrophatase FamilyⅢ, s-PPaseⅢ)。s-PPaseⅠ在不同生物中寡聚物的状态不同,s-PPaseⅡ在所有生物中都以二聚体形式存在,s-PPaseⅢ是卤代烷脱卤酶的变体。s-PPase 催化PPi水解过程包括基团去活化和亲核体产生。s-PPaseⅡ中的CBS-PPase 调控机制研究的比较清楚。本综述将重点对s-PPase 的结构、催化特性、调控机制和应用等方面进行分析阐述,为后续深入的研究提供参考。

Pyrophosphatase (PPase) is a kind of enzyme, which hydrolyzes pyrophosphoric acid (PPi) into two molecular phosphates. At present, there are two categories PPase in nature including membrane-integral pyrophosphatase (M-PPase) and soluble inorganic pyrophatase (s-PPase). s-PPase can be devided in soluble inorganic pyrophatase FamilyⅠ(s-PPaseⅠ), soluble pyrophatase FamilyⅡ(s-PPaseⅡ) and soluble pyrophatase FamilyⅢ(s-PPaseⅢ). S-PPaseⅠ has different oligomers in different organisms. S-PPaseⅡexists in all organisms in the form of a two polymer. S-PPasⅢis a variant of halogenated dehalogenes. The process of S-PPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of PPi including group deactivation and nucleophore production. The regulation mechanism of CBS-PPase in s-PPase Ⅱ is clearer. In this review, the structure, catalytic characteristic, regulation mechanism and application, etc of s-PPase will be analyzed and expounded in detail, which provide a reference for futher research.