非现实位移事件的主观性与客观性

Subjectivity and Objectivity of Fictive Motion Event

本文旨在从哲学和认知语言学的角度探讨非现实位移事件及其主观性和客观性。按照认知语言学理论,非现实位移事件是指认知主体运用其认知想象能力把不可动实体构想为可动实体并在时空框架中以参照实体为衬托而发生在心理上和视觉上的位置变化的位移事件。根据哲学和语言学关于主观性和客观性的观点,非现实位移事件所呈现出的主观性和客观性并不涉及认知主体的态度、感觉或观点,却涉及认知主体的观察视角和识解方式,这就不可避免地带有认知主体的自我印记。然而,非现实位移事件是认知主体基于现实空间情景识解出来的,故也具有一定的客观性。由此可知,非现实位移事件既有主观性,又有客观性,但前者要远远强于后者。

This paper attempts to investigate fictive motion event and the subjectivity and objectivity it embodies from the perspectives of philosophy and cognitive linguistics. According to cognitive linguistics, fictive motion event refers to a kind of motion event in which an immovable entity, which is conceived by the conceptualizer as a movable entity, makes mental and visual changes in position with reference to another entity in the spatiotemporal framework. From the viewpoints of subjectivity and objectivity in philosophy and linguistics, the subjectivity and objectivity embodied by fictive motion event is basically not involved with the conceptualizer’s attitude, feeling and point of view, but is greatly involved with the conceptualizer’s observing perspective and construing manner, which unavoidably reveals a self imprint of the conceptualizer. However, fictive motion event also embodies some objectivity since it is construed by the conceptualizer on the basis of actual spatial scenes. It can therefore be said that fictive motion event is characteristic of both subjectivity and objectivity, but with the former much stronger than the latter.