不同细胞来源的外泌体的特点和功能

Characteristics and functions of exosomes from different cell sources

外泌体(exosomes)是一种活细胞分泌的囊性小泡,能携带脂质、蛋白质和遗传物质,在体内进行生物信息传输。外泌体中独特的组织或细胞特异性蛋白质和遗传物质,可反映其细胞来源和细胞的生理状态,因此不同细胞来源的外泌体有不同的特点和功能。基于其内源性、生物相容性和多功能特性,外泌体有望成为药物递送系统、免疫治疗、精准治疗的新手段。本综述聚焦近年来报道的不同细胞分泌的外泌体的特点及功能化研究成果,对其进行归纳总结。

Exosomes,cystic vesicles secreted by living cells,carry lipids,proteins and genetic materials,and transmits biological informations in the body.The unique tissue or cell-specific proteins and genetic materials in the exosomes generally reflect the cell origin and the physiological state of cells,so the exosomes from different cell sources appear to have different characteristics and functions.In view of the endogenous character,biocompatibility and functional versatility,the exosomes are expected to be a new means for the drug delivery systems,immunotherapies,and precision treatment.This review summarizes the exosomes secreted by different cells,focusing on the research achievement in their characteristics and functionalization studies in recent years.