高原环境脑损伤与药物治疗研究进展

Brain injury and drug therapy in high-altitude environment:research advances

高原反应是从平原进驻高原时因低压缺氧导致,会引起呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统等损伤的疾病。其中脑组织对氧分压降低非常敏感,易引起神经细胞功能障碍,严重时会导致神经细胞凋亡。高原环境氧分压低,通过寻找提高氧利用率的抗缺氧药物,提高机体的抵抗能力是一种有效的途径。本文回顾并总结近年来关于高原环境下神经系统临床症状,包括高原性头痛、急性高山病和高原脑水肿,及其病理生理分子机制和相关药物治疗情况,为研制有效的抗高原缺氧脑损伤新药并指导临床科学用药提出合理化建议。

Altitude sickness is a common disease caused by hypotension and hypoxia due to low pressure when people move from the plain to the plateau,which causes injury to the respiratory system,cardiovascular system,and nervous system.The brain tissue is very sensitive to the decrease in oxygen partial pressure,which can easily cause neuronal dysfunction and even lead to neuron apoptosis.The partial pressure of oxygen in the plateau environment is low,and an effective way to improve the host defense ability is to develop anti-hypoxia drugs that improve the ratio of oxyen utilization.This paper reviews and summarizes the clinical symptoms of the nervous system in the high-altitude environment,including high-altitude headache,acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema,as well as the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms and related drug treatments,so as to develop the effective new drugs of anti-hypoxia brain damage and to guide the rational use of clinical scientific drugs.