新中国电气化发展七十年

Electrification Development in 70 Years

本文首先从电源和电网发展方面展示了中国1电力发展的基本情况,到2018年底发电装机容量和发电量分别达到19亿kW、6.99万亿kWh,均居世界第一,比1949年分别增加了1026倍、1625倍。作者提出了包含发电用能占一次能源消费比重、电能占终端能源消费比重、电能促进现代化(人均用电量和人均生活用电量比重)、电力可靠性、电力设备等效可用系数、用户年平均停电时间、电能绿色供应(污染排放强度、碳排放强度)等5个维度的电气化概念和电气化指标体系,阐述了经济性、人均装机、效率等指标未列入电气化指标体系的原因,以指标体系为引导对中国电气化发展进行了分析。认为中国电气化发展取得了巨大成就,在电能占终端能源消费比重、电力可靠性、电力污染控制等指标上达到世界先进水平;在煤炭转换为电力的比重、电力低碳发展、电能促进现代化上取得了巨大成就。中国电气化发展的基本经验是坚持科学发展、坚持深化改革、坚持对外开放、坚持科技创新、坚持管理创新。

This paper presents the basic situation of China’s power development from the perspectives of power generation and power grid. By the end of 2018, China’s installed capacity and electricity generation has reached 1.9 billion kW and 6.99 trillion kWh respectively, ranked the first in the world, 1026 times and 1625 times higher than those of 1949.The author puts forward electrification concepts and electrification indicator system with five dimensions, which includes power generation accounting for the proportion of primary energy consumption, electric energy accounting for the proportion of terminal energy consumption, electricity promoting modernization (per capita electricity consumption and proportion of per capita household electricity consumption), electrical reliability(EAF、 SAIDI) and green power supply (pollution emissions intensity, carbon emission intensity). This paper expounds the reasons why the indexes of economy, per capita installed capacity and efficiency are not included in the index system of electrification, and analyzes the development of electrification in China under the guidance of the index system. It is concluded that great achievements have been made in the development of electrification in China, which has reached the world’s advanced level in the proportion of electric energy in terminal energy consumption, power reliability and power pollution control. Great achievements have also been made in the proportion of coal converted into electricity, the lowcarbon development of electricity and the modernization of electricity. The basic experience of China’s electrification development is to adhere to scientific development, deepening reform, opening up, scientific and technological innovation and management innovation.