北洋政府时期的驻京呼图克图制度

System of Khutuktus Stationed in Beijing During the Beiyang 北洋 Government Period

虽然国体发生了变化,但鉴于当时的国际、国内形势,尤其是岌岌可危的蒙藏局势等原因,北洋政府不得不继续沿用清朝的驻京呼图克图制度,通过重新加封名号,给予待遇等方式实现了各主要驻京呼图克图晋京和对北洋政府的认可。驻京呼图克图“翊赞共和”,承认北洋政府的举动,对于蒙藏地区政教上层及普通民众理解、接受共和,承认北洋政府发挥了积极的示范作用。在对驻京呼图克图的管理上,北洋政府在基本沿用清朝政策的同时,也根据实际情况作了一些变通。总体而言,在北洋政府无法对蒙藏地区实施强有力管控的条件下,驻京呼图克图对稳定蒙藏局势,维护国家统一和边疆安全做出了积极贡献。

Considering the international and domestic factors, especially the dangerous situation in Mongolia and Tibet, the Beiyang Government had to continue the Qing dynasty’s system of Khutuktus stationed in Beijing. By granting Khutuktus new honorable titles and offering them preferential treatment, the government won recognition of the most important Khutuktus stationed in Beijing. Through their recognition of the Beiyang Government’s administration and support for Republicanism, they played exemplar roles in understanding and accepting Republicanism and authority of the Beiyang Government in Mongolia and Tibet. The Beiyang Government continued the Qing’s management system of the Khutuktus stationed in Beijing with some adjustments according to circumstances. Generally speaking, while the Beiyang Government was unable to directly exert powerful control on Mongolia and Tibet, the Khutuktus stationed in Beijing made a great contribution to the stabilization of Mongolia and Tibet, the unification of China and the security of Chinese frontier.