西方经济学在中国的境遇:一种历史的考察

The Situation of Western Economics in China: A Perspective of Historical Development

中国经济学的形成源于对西方经济学的引进和学习,其后的发展也与西方经济学的引进和传播存在着密切的关系。在这一历史发展过程中,一方面,西方经济学本身在不断地发展和拓展,另一方面,引进和学习西方经济学的重点也因体制和时代主题的变化而有所不同,且态度也随之发生了巨大的波动。为救亡图强,学者们对西方经济学说的主流态度,从晚清时期的“中学为体,西学为用”,走向民国时期的“体用一致”,其所学和宣传呈现出“百花齐放”的景象。新中国成立的前30年间,出于体制和意识形态等原因,除英国古典经济学之外的其他西方经济学理论和学说遭到了全面的批判和排斥。最近40年,市场化改革促使各界在争论中逐渐接受和运用西方经济学中市场经济的一般理论和分析方法。但是,如何剔除其中的意识形态因素,始终是一个争议很大的问题。

The formation of economics of China originated from the introduction and study of western economics. And the development of economics of China has closely related to the introduction and spread of western economics. In history, on the one hand, western economics are constantly developing and expanding. On the other hand, the emphasis of introducing and studying western economics varies with the transformation of the system and the theme of the times. Moreover, the scholars attitude to western economics also changes greatly. To save China, the attitude to western economics have changed from “Chinese Body and Western Usage” in the late Qing dynasty to “Body and Usage in consistency” in the Republic of China (1912-1949). At that time Chinese economics was like “all flowers bloom together”. For the first 30 years of the People s Republic of China, due to institutional and ideological reasons, western economic theories, except for British classical economics, were comprehensively criticized and rejected. For the last 40 years, the market-oriented reform has urged people to gradually accept and apply the general theories and analytical methods of western economics. However, how to eliminate the ideological factors from western economics is still controversial.