贵州省荞麦害螨种类调查及消长规律研究

Species Investigation and Occurrence Rule of the Buckwheat Mites in Guizhou

为补充荞麦生产种植区所缺乏的害螨基础资料,累积害螨预测预报的经验,达到预期的防治效果,增加荞麦的产量,本研究在2016~2017年2年的春秋两季选择贵州省荞麦生产的4个主产区的6个地点,根据荞麦生长规律对荞麦害螨的种类、分布、危害状况等进行调查,采用五点取样法对害螨的消长规律进行研究。结果显示,荞麦害螨主要为叶螨科叶螨属的3个种,分别是二斑叶螨、皮氏叶蟎和截形叶螨,其中二斑叶螨是优势种。同一地点,春季和秋季二斑叶螨的发生规律均呈“倒V”型,分别在6月份、9月份左右螨口数达到最高,后下降至荞麦收获;多年生荞麦较一年生荞麦上二斑叶螨的虫口数量显著不同,平均多20~70头螨。不同地点,二斑叶螨的螨口数量随着海拔越高数量越少,反之则越多。因此,贵州省3种荞麦害螨中二斑叶螨危害最严重;其消长规律与品种无关,而与荞麦的是否可再生、季节及海拔有关。

In order to supplement the basic data of the pest mites in buckwheat production and planting areas, accumulate the forecast experience of the buckwheat mites, achieve the expected control effect and increase the yield of buckwheat, six locations of four main buckwheat producing areas in Guizhou were selected in spring and autumn from 2016 to 2017, and the species, distribution and harm status of pest mites were investigated according to the growth law of buckwheat, the five - point sampling method was used to study the occurrence rule. The results showed that the main pest mites were three species in the Tetranychus of Tetrany chidae, Tetranychus urticae Koch, T. truncates and T. piercei, T. urticae was the dominant species. The occurrence rules was “reverse V” type in spring and autumn, the number of the mites reached the highest in June and September and then decreased to buckwheat harvest in the same location;The number of T. urticae in the perennial buckwheat was significantly different from that in the annual buckwheat, with an average of 20~70 more mites. The number of mites decreased with the higher altitude and vice versa in the different locations. Therefore, T. urticae gave the most serious damage to buckwheat among three species of T. chidae;its occurrence regularity has nothing to do with varieties, but associated with the season, the renewable of buckwheat and the altitude.