金属材料凝固过程研究现状与未来展望

Progress and prospect of solidification research for metallic materials

金属凝固作为冶金铸造技术的一个重要工艺过程,经历了从古老技艺向现代科学的漫长演化,于20世纪后半叶发展成为材料科学中一个相对完整的学科领域。随着各种相关高新技术的不断涌现,特别是信息化时代的到来,凝固科学技术正在迅速转型发展。本文系统总结了最近20年来国内外在液态合金的微观结构与物化性质、晶体形核与过程调控、凝固组织形成机理、超常凝固动力学以及新型材料凝固制备成形等五方面研究的主要进展,并分析展望了这一学科领域的未来发展趋势。

The alloy solidification process has experienced a long evolution history to transform from a kind of ancient metallurgical technology into a branch of modern science.It developed into a relatively consistent academic field of materials science in the second half of last century.With the advent of diverse high technologies and especi ally the coming of new information era,the solidification science and technology meet with another age for rapidly reformed development.The objective of this work is to summarize the major achievements of solidification research in the first two decades of the present century and provide a concise perspective for its future advances.The following five aspects are addressed in various details:the microstructures and properties of liquid alloys,the crystal nucleation and process modulation,the evolution kinetics of solidification structures,the process mechanisms of extraordinary solidification,and the solidification forming of new materials.