“不变之变”的启示:福山叙事变迁探析中的反思与中国问题

The Revelation of “Invariable Change”: Reflections on the Change of Fukuyama’s Narrative and China’s Problems

完整的福山叙事,涵盖了从最初的“历史终结论”到新近围绕政治秩序与国家治理所展开的一系列探讨。这些变化中的议题从一个侧面揭示了后冷战时代世界政治秩序的巨大变迁,深刻地影响了中国理论界的相关探讨,并为持有不同政治立场和学术观点的中国学者的表达与争鸣提供了必要的载体。纵观其理论变迁线索,不难发现,福山在对其初版叙事进行了微调,相对提升了秩序与权威之于自由民主权重的同时,却仍保持了对“历史终结论”信条和自由民主制基本面的坚持。因此,剖析福山叙事中蕴含的“不变之变”,并以此为参照,反观中国特色政治发展道路与治理现代化,将使我们更清晰地发现存在于两者间的根本差异,从而也为在更深层次上反思和最终超越以福山为代表的西方叙事创造必要的条件。

The complete Fukuyama narrative covers a series of discussions from the initial“the end of history”to the recent researches revolving around political order and state governance.These issues reveal the great changes in the world political order in the post-Cold War era from the side,profoundly affect the relevant discussions in the Chinese theoretical circles,and provide a necessary discussion platform for Chinese scholars with different political positions and academic views.Throughout the clues of theoretical changes,it is not difficult to find that Fukuyama has fine-tuned his first narrative and relatively enhanced the weight of order and authority relating to the freedom and democracy,while still maintaining in adhering to the creed of“the end of history”and the fundamentals of the liberal democracy.Therefore,dissecting the“invariable change”contained in Fukuyama’s narrative,and taking this as a reference,retrospecting the political development and governance modernization with Chinese characteristics will enable us to more clearly discover the fundamental differences between the two,and thus to create a necessasity for reflecting at a deeper level and ultimately surpassing the Western narrative represented by Fukuyama.